An electrical engineer designs, tests and oversees electrical systems, from building power distribution and motor controls to circuit boards and industrial automation. About 82% of people in this job hold a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering (EE) or a close match. The work is built on circuits, math and physics, and you grow into it by designing and building real things. This roadmap follows four stages: learn the physics and circuit theory, build job-ready design and calculation habits, specialize in power, controls or electronics, and finally lead projects and sign off on designs. Y
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Stage 1 of 4 · about 20 weeks
Learn algebra, trigonometry, calculus and complex numbers, then DC and AC circuit analysis: Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, Thevenin equivalents, phasors, RC/RL/RLC response. Simulate each circuit in LTspice and check it against your hand calculation. Build a few simple circuits on a breadboard with a multimeter to see that the math matches reality.
Math for circuits: algebra, trig, calculus, complex numbers
Every circuit equation you will meet is algebra, and every AC problem is trig and complex numbers. If the math feels automatic, circuit theory feels easy. If it does not, every topic feels hard.
DC circuit analysis
DC circuits are the base of everything. Learn to analyze them methodically and you can break down any network, from a sensor input to a distribution panel, into simple pieces.
Capacitors, inductors, and transient response
Real circuits do not change instantly. Power supplies, filters, motor starts and switching all depend on how energy builds and decays in capacitors and inductors. This is the first place calculus meets hardware.
AC steady-state analysis with phasors
The power grid, motors, transformers, and audio and radio signals are all AC. Phasors turn messy differential equations into simple complex algebra. This is the tool you will use for the rest of your career.
Then 3 more stages (about 150 weeks in all) with lessons, drills, projects, 10 interview questions with strong answers and free resources.